Breast cancer is a significant health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. Understanding what breast cancer is, recognizing the risk factors, and knowing the symptoms are crucial steps in promoting early detection and treatment.

  • What is breast cancer? 

Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast grow and multiply uncontrollably, forming a tumor. These malignant cells can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

  • Risk factors: 

Several factors can increase the risk of developing breast cancer :

  1. Gender: Women are at a higher risk than men.
  2. Age: The risk increases with age, particularly after 55.
  3. Family history: A family history of breast cancer can elevate the risk.
  4. Genetics: Mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are significant risk factors.
  5. Density of breast tissue: Higher breast tissue density can make detection harder and is linked to a higher risk.
  6. Hormone replacement therapy: Long-term use can increase risk.
  7. Radiation exposure: Previous radiation treatments can elevate risk.
  8. Diet and exercise: Poor diet and lack of exercise contribute to risk, while regular exercise reduces it.
  9. Age of menarche and menopause: Early menarche and late menopause increase exposure to estrogen, raising risk.
  10. History of pregnancy and breastfeeding: Breastfeeding reduces risk, while nulliparity (never having given birth) increases it.

In summary, prolonged exposure to high estrogen levels can significantly increase the risk of developing breast cancer.

  • Symptoms: 

Early symptoms of breast cancer may include:

  1. Lumps or thickening in the breast or underarm area.
  2. Changes in breast size or shape.
  3. Skin dimpling or puckering.
  4. Redness or scaliness of the breast skin.
  5. Nipple discharge or changes in nipple position.
  6. Inverted nipple.

  • Below Image Show Symptoms Of Breast Cancer :
                     
   

  • Self - Examination and Early Detection: 

    • Regular self-exams can help in early detection. Here's how to perform a self-exam:

    1. Visual inspection: Stand in front of a mirror with hands on your waist and then with hands raised. Look for changes in breast size, shape, skin texture, and nipple position.                              
    2. Palpation: During a shower, use soap for better sensation. With three fingers, gently palpate the breast in circular or zigzag motions. Check for lumps, especially in the axillary (armpit) lymph nodes and around the collarbone. Perform this on the 5th day of your period or the same date every month if you are menopausal.

  • Screening and detection: 

    Regular screenings are crucial. Women over 40 should have annual mammograms. Clinical breast exams by healthcare providers and monthly self-exams are also important.

  • Treatment options : 

    Depending on the stage and individual circumstances, treatment options include:

    1. Surgery: Lumpectomy or mastectomy.
    2. Radiation therapy
    3. Chemotherapy
    4. Hormone therapy
    5. Targeted therapy

  • Survival rates: 

    The 5-year survival rate for breast cancer is approximately 90%, while the 10-year survival rate is around 80%. Early detection significantly improves these rates.

  • Call to Action: 

    Empower yourself and others by staying vigilant and proactive. Share this knowledge, perform regular self-exams, and schedule clinical check-ups. Together, we can promote early detection and improve outcomes for those affected by breast cancer.

  • Conclusion: 

    Early detection through regular screenings and self-exams can save lives. Stay informed, perform regular self-exams, and consult healthcare providers with any concerns. Encouraging loved ones to do the same can help in the fight against breast cancer.